Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) accounts for approximately 15% of adult leukemias.1
Successful treatments with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) have greatly improved the outcome for most patients, significantly decreasing annual mortality and increasing prevalence.2,3
International guidelines recommend monitoring BCR::ABL1 transcript levels on an international reporting scale (IS) by quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) at regular intervals to assess the efficacy and safety of the treatment.4-7
1 Jabbour E, Kantarjian H. Chronic myeloid leukemia: 2020 update on diagnosis, therapy
and monitoring. Am J Hematol. 2020 Jun;95(6):691-709. doi: 10.1002/ajh.25792. Epub
2020 Apr 10. PMID: 32239758.
2 Sacha, Tomasz et al. The Outcomes of Ponatinib Therapy in Patients With Chronic
Myeloid Leukemia Resistant or Intolerant to Previous Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors,
Treated in Poland Within the Donation Program. Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma and
Leukemia, Volume 22, Issue 6, 405 – 415. Published:November 20, 2021. DOI:https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.clml.2021.11.012.
3 Huang X, et al. Estimations of the increasing prevalence and plateau prevalence of
chronic myeloid leukemia in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Cancer. 2012 Jun
15;118(12):3123-7.
4 Apperley JF, Milojkovic D, Cross NCP, et al. 2025 European LeukemiaNet
recommendations for the management of chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia.
2025;39(8):1797-1813. doi:10.1038/s41375-025-02664-w
5 Cross, N.C.P., Ernst, T., Branford, S. et al. European LeukemiaNet laboratory
recommendations for the diagnosis and management of chronic myeloid leukemia.
Leukemia 37, 2150–2167 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-023-02048-y
6 Hochhaus A. et al. Chronic myeloid leukaemia: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for
diagnosis, treatment and follow up. Annals of Oncology. 2017 May; 28(4):iv41-iv51.
7 NCCN. Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines^R) Chronic Myeloid
Leukemia (Accessed Version 1. 2026- July 16, 2025).