A PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test detects genetic material from an organism (i.e. bacteria or a virus) by copying a small portion of the genetic material in a process called amplification.
Amplification allows for easier detection and identification of pathogens (disease-causing organisms) — sometimes even prior to symptoms surfacing — thus helping to prevent the transmission of infection and halt further disease spread. Tests that do not use amplification, such as antigen tests, might not achieve early detection because there are not enough viruses, bacteria, or other pathogens present in a patient’s sample.
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